ASTM D229 Standard Test Methods for Rigid Sheet and Plate Materials Used for Electrical Insulation
ASTM D229電絕緣用硬質薄板及板材的標準試驗方法
This test method provides useful engineering information for evaluating the mechanical behavior of rigid electrical insulation at elevated temperature. When the proper exposure and test temperatures are chosen, depending on the material and end-use operating temperature, use the test method as one means of indicating relative thermal degradation of rigid insulating materials.
1. Scope
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for testing rigid electrical insulation normally manufactured in flat sheet or plate form. They are generally used as terminal boards, spacers, voltage barriers, and circuit boards.
Note 1—For tests applying to vulcanized fibre reference needs to be made to Test Methods D619.
Note 2—This standard resembles IEC 60893-2, Specification for Rigid Industrial Laminated Sheets Based On Thermosetting Resins for Electrical Purpose, Methods of Tests.
1.2 The test methods appear in the following sections:
|
Test
|
Sections
|
ASTM
Test Method |
|
Acetone extractable matter
|
83 to 84
|
D494
|
|
Arc resistance
|
47
|
D495
|
|
Ash
|
56 to 60
|
...
|
|
Bonding strength
|
49 to 54
|
...
|
|
Burning rate and flame resistance
|
61 to 75
|
...
|
|
Compressive strength
|
25
|
D695
|
|
Conditioning
|
4
|
D6054
|
|
Dissipation factor
|
34 to 40
|
D669
|
|
Dielectric strength
|
28 to 33
|
D149
|
|
Expansion (linear thermal)
|
76
|
D696
|
|
Flexural properties
|
12 to 24
|
D790
|
|
Hardness (Rockwell)
|
55
|
D785
|
|
Insulation resistance and resistivity
|
41 to 46
|
D257
|
|
Permittivity
|
34 to 40
|
D150
|
|
Resistance to impact
|
26
|
D256
|
|
Tensile properties
|
7 to 11
|
D638
|
|
Thickness
|
5 to 6
|
D374
|
|
Tracking resistance
|
48
|
D2132
|
|
Warp or twist
|
77 to 82
|
...
|
|
Water absorption
|
27
|
D570
|
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This is a fire-test-response standard. See Sections 61 through 75, which are the procedures for burning rate and flame resistance.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in 31.1 and 1.6.
1.6 This standard measures and describes the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
1.7 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.
17.1 This test method covers the determination of flexural properties at elevated temperature, and as a function of time of exposure to elevated temperature.
2. Referenced Documents (purchase separately)
ASTM Standards
D149 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and Dielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials at Commercial Power Frequencies
D150 Test Methods for AC Loss Characteristics and Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Solid Electrical Insulation
D256 Test Methods for Determining the Izod Pendulum Impact Resistance of Plastics
D257 Test Methods for DC Resistance or Conductance of Insulating Materials
D374 Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electrical Insulation
D494 Test Method for Acetone Extraction of Phenolic Molded or Laminated Products
D495 Test Method for High-Voltage, Low-Current, Dry Arc Resistance of Solid Electrical Insulation
D570 Test Method for Water Absorption of Plastics
D617 Test Method for Punching Quality of Phenolic Laminated Sheets
D619 Test Methods for Vulcanized Fibre Used for Electrical Insulation
D638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
D669 Test Method for Dissipation Factor and Permittivity Parallel with Laminations of Laminated Sheet and Plate Materials
D695 Test Method for Compressive Properties of Rigid Plastics
D696 Test Method for Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion of Plastics Between -30C and 30C with a Vitreous Silica Dilatometer
D785 Test Method for Rockwell Hardness of Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials
D790 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials
D792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Relative Density) of Plastics by Displacement
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D1674 Methods of Testing Polymerizable Embedding Compounds Used for Electrical Insulation
D1711 Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulation
D1825 Practice for Etching and Cleaning Copper-Clad Electrical Insulating Materials and Thermosetting Laminates for Electrical Testing
D2132 Test Method for Dust-and-Fog Tracking and Erosion Resistance of Electrical Insulating Materials
D2303 Test Methods for Liquid-Contaminant, Inclined-Plane Tracking and Erosion of Insulating Materials
D3487 Specification for Mineral Insulating Oil Used in Electrical Apparatus
D5032 Practice for Maintaining Constant Relative Humidity by Means of Aqueous Glycerin Solutions
D6054 Practice for Conditioning Electrical Insulating Materials for Testing
E176 Terminology of Fire Standards
E197 Discontinued 1981; Specification for Enclosures and Servicing Units for Tests Above and Below Room Temperature
D150 Test Methods for AC Loss Characteristics and Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Solid Electrical Insulation
D256 Test Methods for Determining the Izod Pendulum Impact Resistance of Plastics
D257 Test Methods for DC Resistance or Conductance of Insulating Materials
D374 Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electrical Insulation
D494 Test Method for Acetone Extraction of Phenolic Molded or Laminated Products
D495 Test Method for High-Voltage, Low-Current, Dry Arc Resistance of Solid Electrical Insulation
D570 Test Method for Water Absorption of Plastics
D617 Test Method for Punching Quality of Phenolic Laminated Sheets
D619 Test Methods for Vulcanized Fibre Used for Electrical Insulation
D638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
D669 Test Method for Dissipation Factor and Permittivity Parallel with Laminations of Laminated Sheet and Plate Materials
D695 Test Method for Compressive Properties of Rigid Plastics
D696 Test Method for Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion of Plastics Between -30C and 30C with a Vitreous Silica Dilatometer
D785 Test Method for Rockwell Hardness of Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials
D790 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials
D792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Relative Density) of Plastics by Displacement
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D1674 Methods of Testing Polymerizable Embedding Compounds Used for Electrical Insulation
D1711 Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulation
D1825 Practice for Etching and Cleaning Copper-Clad Electrical Insulating Materials and Thermosetting Laminates for Electrical Testing
D2132 Test Method for Dust-and-Fog Tracking and Erosion Resistance of Electrical Insulating Materials
D2303 Test Methods for Liquid-Contaminant, Inclined-Plane Tracking and Erosion of Insulating Materials
D3487 Specification for Mineral Insulating Oil Used in Electrical Apparatus
D5032 Practice for Maintaining Constant Relative Humidity by Means of Aqueous Glycerin Solutions
D6054 Practice for Conditioning Electrical Insulating Materials for Testing
E176 Terminology of Fire Standards
E197 Discontinued 1981; Specification for Enclosures and Servicing Units for Tests Above and Below Room Temperature
IEC Standard
IEC60893–2 Specification for Rigid Industrial Laminated Sheets Based on Thermosetting Resins for Electrical Purpose, Methods of Tests
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Standard
ISO13943 Fire Safety: Vocabulary
Index Terms
ac breakdown voltage; arc resistance; ash content; bond strength; compressive strength; dissipation factor; elastic modulus; flame resistance; flexural strength; hard rubber; impact resistance; insulation resistance; permittivity; printed wiring boards; resistivity; rigid plates; rigid sheets; Rockwell hardness; solvent extractible; spacers; surface resistance; surface resistivity; tensile strength; terminal boards; thermal expansion; thermosetting laminate; thickness; tracking resistance; twist; voltage barriers; volume resistivity; warp; water absorption
; Modulus of elasticity--plastics; Permittivity (dielectric constant)--electrical insulating materials; Thermal endurance--electrical insulating materials; Rigid plastics; Sheet materials (general)--electrical insulating; Thermosetting plastics; Spacers; Tensile properties/testing--electrical insulating materials; Twist; Terminal boards; Voltage barriers; Warpage; Dielectric breakdown voltage; Dimensional change; Electrical insulating plastics; Laminates (electrical insulation); Electrical insulating rubber; Electrical resistance/resistivity--insulating materials; Fire-resistant materials/testing; Flammability--electrical insulating materials; Flexural testing--electrical insulating materials; Ignition--electrical insulating materials; Insulation resistance; Circuit boards; Asbestos; Ash--insulating materials; Bond strength--electrical insulating materials; Bridge-type electrical/electronic materials; Burning characteristics--insulating materials; Burning characteristics--plastics ;
; Modulus of elasticity--plastics; Permittivity (dielectric constant)--electrical insulating materials; Thermal endurance--electrical insulating materials; Rigid plastics; Sheet materials (general)--electrical insulating; Thermosetting plastics; Spacers; Tensile properties/testing--electrical insulating materials; Twist; Terminal boards; Voltage barriers; Warpage; Dielectric breakdown voltage; Dimensional change; Electrical insulating plastics; Laminates (electrical insulation); Electrical insulating rubber; Electrical resistance/resistivity--insulating materials; Fire-resistant materials/testing; Flammability--electrical insulating materials; Flexural testing--electrical insulating materials; Ignition--electrical insulating materials; Insulation resistance; Circuit boards; Asbestos; Ash--insulating materials; Bond strength--electrical insulating materials; Bridge-type electrical/electronic materials; Burning characteristics--insulating materials; Burning characteristics--plastics ;
